Pamene chomera chopanganso chaperekedwa chisamaliro chochulukirapo, anthu ayambanso kufufuza magawo osiyanasiyana opangiranso, ndipo apeza zotsatira zina za kafukufuku mu kasamalidwe ka zinthu, kasamalidwe, ndi ukadaulo wopanganso.Pakukonzanso, ndi gawo lofunikira pakuyeretsa magawowo kuti atsimikizire mtundu wa kukonzanso.Njira yoyeretsera ndi mtundu woyeretsera ndizofunikira pakuzindikiritsa magawo, kuwonetsetsa kupangidwanso kwabwino, kuchepetsa ndalama zopangiranso, komanso kukonza moyo wazinthu zomwe zidapangidwanso.ikhoza kukhala ndi chikoka chofunikira.
1. Udindo ndi kufunikira kwa kuyeretsa mu ndondomeko yokonzanso
Kuyeretsa pamwamba pazigawo zamagulu ndi njira yofunikira pakukonzanso gawo.Zomwe zimagawanika kuti zizindikire kulondola kwazithunzi, kulondola kwa mawonekedwe a geometric, roughness, performance performance, corrosion wear and adhesion of the part surface is the basis for magawano kuti akonzenso zigawozo..Ubwino wa gawo kuyeretsa pamwamba zimakhudza mwachindunji kusanthula pamwamba, kuyezetsa, remanufacturing processing, msonkhano khalidwe, ndiyeno zimakhudza khalidwe la mankhwala remanufactured.
Kuyeretsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyeretsera pamwamba pa chogwiriracho pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyeretsera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina, thupi, mankhwala kapena njira zama electrochemical kuchotsa mafuta, dzimbiri, matope, sikelo, ma depositi a kaboni ndi zinyalala zina zomwe zimayikidwa pamwamba. zida ndi mbali zake, ndi kupanga izo Njira kukwaniritsa ukhondo chofunika pamwamba pa workpiece.Magawo owonongeka a zinthu zinyalala amatsukidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe, zinthu, gulu, kuwonongeka, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo njira zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti zikugwiritsidwanso ntchito kapena kukonzanso zigawozo.Ukhondo wa mankhwala ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za mankhwala opangidwanso.Ukhondo wopanda ukhondo sungokhudza kukonzanso kwa zinthu, komanso nthawi zambiri umapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito achepe, omwe amakonda kuvala mopitilira muyeso, kuchepa kulondola, komanso kufupikitsa moyo wautumiki.Ubwino wazinthu.Ukhondo wabwino ungathandizenso kuti ogula azidalira kwambiri zinthu zopangidwanso.
Kukonzanso kumaphatikizapo kukonzanso zinthu zinyalala, kuyeretsa mawonekedwe asanagwetse, kugwetsa, kuyesa movutikira kwa magawo, kuyeretsa magawo, kuzindikira kolondola kwa zigawo pambuyo poyeretsa, kukonzanso, kusonkhanitsa zinthu zomwe zapangidwanso, ndi zina.Kuyeretsa kumaphatikizapo magawo awiri: kuyeretsa kwathunthu kwa mawonekedwe a zinyalala ndi kuyeretsa magawo.Yoyamba ndiyo makamaka kuchotsa fumbi ndi dothi lina pa maonekedwe a mankhwala, ndipo chotsiriziracho makamaka kuchotsa mafuta, sikelo, dzimbiri, ma depositi a carbon ndi dothi lina pamwamba pa mbali.Mafuta ndi gasi zigawo pamwamba, etc., fufuzani kuvala kwa zigawo, pamwamba microcracks kapena zolephera zina kudziwa ngati mbali angagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena ayenera remanufactured.The remanufacturing kuyeretsa n'kosiyana ndi kuyeretsa ndondomeko yokonza.Katswiri wamkulu wokonza zinthu amatsuka mbali zolakwika ndi zina zofananira asanakonze, pomwe kukonzanso kumafuna kuti zinyalala zonse ziyeretsedwe kwathunthu, kotero kuti mtundu wa zida zokonzedwanso ukhoza kufika pamlingo wazinthu zatsopano.muyezo.Chifukwa chake, ntchito zoyeretsa zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukonzanso, ndipo ntchito yolemetsa imakhudza mwachindunji mtengo wazinthu zomwe zapangidwanso, chifukwa chake zimafunika kusamala kwambiri.
2. Ukadaulo woyeretsa ndi chitukuko chake pakukonzanso
2.1 Ukadaulo woyeretsa wopangiranso
Monga njira yochotseratu, sizingatheke kuti njira yoyeretsera iphunzire mwachindunji kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimafuna kufufuza kwa njira zatsopano zamakono ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo zatsopano zoyeretsera zomwe zimapangidwanso mwa opanga ndi ogulitsa zipangizo zopangira.Malingana ndi malo oyeretsera, cholinga, zovuta za zipangizo, ndi zina zotero, njira yoyeretsera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa.Njira zoyeretsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi kuyeretsa mafuta, kuyeretsa madzi otentha kapena kuyeretsa nthunzi, kuyeretsa mankhwala osambitsira mankhwala, kutsuka kapena kutsuka zitsulo zachitsulo, kuthamanga kwambiri kapena kutsukidwa kwanthawi zonse, kupukuta mchenga, kuyeretsa ma electrolytic, kuyeretsa gawo la gasi, kuyeretsa kwa ultrasonic. ndi Multi-step kuyeretsa ndi njira zina.
Kuti mutsirize njira iliyonse yoyeretsera, zida zonse zoyeretsera zapadera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza: makina oyeretsera, makina amfuti, makina oyeretsera, makina apadera oyeretsera, ndi zina zambiri. Miyezo yopangiranso, zofunikira, chitetezo cha chilengedwe, mtengo ndi malo opangiranso.
2.2 Kukula kwaukadaulo waukadaulo woyeretsa
Njira yoyeretsera ndiye gwero lalikulu la kuipitsidwa panthawi yokonzanso.Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimapangidwa ndi njira yoyeretsera nthawi zambiri zimayika chilengedwe pachiwopsezo.Komanso, mtengo wotaya zinthu zovulaza mosavulaza ndi wokwera modabwitsa.Chifukwa chake, pakukonzanso kuyeretsa, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuwononga njira yoyeretsera chilengedwe ndikutengera ukadaulo woyeretsa wobiriwira.Okonzanso achita kafukufuku wambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri matekinoloje atsopano komanso ogwira mtima kwambiri oyeretsa, ndipo njira yoyeretserayo yakhala yokonda zachilengedwe.Pamene mukukonza bwino ntchito yoyeretsa, kuchepetsa kutaya kwa zinthu zovulaza, kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, kuonjezera chitetezo cha chilengedwe poyeretsa, ndikuwonjezera ubwino wa zigawo.
3 .Zochita zoyeretsa pagawo lililonse lakupanganso
Kuyeretsa pakukonzanso kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa kunja kwa zinyalala musanazigwetse ndi kuyeretsa zigawo mutazichotsa.
3.1 Kuyeretsa musanayambe disassembly
Kuyeretsa kusanagwetse makamaka kumatanthauza kuyeretsa kwakunja kwa zinyalala zobwezerezedwanso musanazigwetse.Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuchotsa fumbi lalikulu, mafuta, matope ndi dothi lina lomwe limasonkhanitsidwa kunja kwa zinyalala, kuti atsogolere kugwetsa ndikupewa fumbi ndi mafuta.Yembekezerani kuti zinthu zakuba zibweretsedwe kufakitale.Kuyeretsa kunja nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi kapena kuthira madzi amphamvu kwambiri.Pazinyalala zotalikirana komanso zokhuthala, onjezerani madzi okwanira oyeretsera mankhwala ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa kupopera ndi kutentha kwamadzi.
Zida zoyeretsera zakunja zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizanso makina otsuka a mfuti imodzi ndi makina otsuka ma jeti amitundu yambiri.Zoyambazo makamaka zimadalira kukwapula kwa jet yolumikizirana yothamanga kwambiri kapena jeti ya soda kapena zochita za mankhwala a jet ndi chotsukiracho kuchotsa dothi.Yotsirizirayi ili ndi mitundu iwiri, mtundu wa chitseko chosunthika ndi njira yokhazikika.Malo oyika ndi kuchuluka kwa ma nozzles amasiyana malinga ndi cholinga cha zida.
3.2 Kuyeretsa pambuyo disassembly
Kuyeretsa mbali pambuyo disassembly makamaka kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa mafuta, dzimbiri, sikelo, ma depositi a kaboni, utoto, ndi zina.
3.2.1 Kuchepetsa mafuta
Ziwalo zonse zokhudzana ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi mafuta pambuyo pa disassembly, ndiye kuti, kuchotsa mafuta.Ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mafuta a saponifiable, ndiko kuti, mafuta omwe amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi alkali kupanga sopo, monga mafuta a nyama ndi mafuta a masamba, ndiko kuti, mchere wambiri wa organic acid;unsaponifiable mafuta, amene sangathe kuchita ndi alkali wamphamvu, monga Various mchere mafuta, lubricating mafuta, mafuta odzola ndi paraffin, etc. Mafuta awa ndi insoluble m'madzi koma sungunuka mu zosungunulira organic.Kuchotsa mafutawa makamaka kumachitika ndi mankhwala ndi electrochemical njira.Njira zoyeretsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi: organic solvents, alkaline solutions ndi mankhwala oyeretsera mankhwala.Njira zoyeretsera zimaphatikizapo njira zamakina ndi zamakina, kuphatikiza kupukuta, kuwiritsa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kuyeretsa ma vibration, kuyeretsa akupanga, ndi zina zambiri.
3.2.2 Kutsika
Pambuyo pa kuzizira kwa zinthu zamakina kwagwiritsa ntchito madzi olimba kapena madzi okhala ndi zonyansa zambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, silicon dioxide imayikidwa pakhoma lamkati la ozizira ndi chitoliro.Scale imachepetsa gawo la chitoliro cha madzi ndikuchepetsa matenthedwe matenthedwe, kukhudza kwambiri kuziziritsa komanso kukhudza magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo lozizirira.Choncho, kuchotsa kuyenera kuperekedwa panthawi yokonzanso.Njira zochotsera masikelo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zochotsera mankhwala, kuphatikiza njira zochotsera mankwala, njira zochotseramo zamchere, njira zochotsera ma pickling, ndi zina zambiri. Pamlingo wa aluminium alloy mbali, 5% nitric acid solution kapena 10-15% acetic acid solution imatha ntchito.The mankhwala kuyeretsa madzimadzi pochotsa sikelo ayenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi sikelo zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi mbali zipangizo.
3.2.3 Kuchotsa utoto
Chophimba choyambirira cha penti chotetezera pamwamba pa zigawo zowonongeka chiyeneranso kuchotsedwa kwathunthu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka ndi zofunikira za chophimba chotetezera.Muzimutsuka bwino mukachotsa ndikukonzekera kupentanso.Njira yochotsera utoto nthawi zambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito chosungunulira cha organic, alkaline yankho, etc. monga chochotsera utoto, burashi yoyamba pa utoto wa gawolo, kusungunula ndikufewetsa, ndiyeno gwiritsani ntchito zida zamanja kuchotsa utoto wosanjikiza. .
3.2.4 Kuchotsa dzimbiri
Dzimbiri ndi ma oxides opangidwa ndi kukhudzana kwa chitsulo pamwamba ndi mpweya, mamolekyu amadzi ndi zinthu za asidi mumlengalenga, monga iron oxide, ferric oxide, ferric oxide, etc., zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa dzimbiri;njira zazikulu zochotsera dzimbiri ndi njira yamakina, pickling yamankhwala ndi electrochemical etching.Kuchotsa dzimbiri pamakina kumagwiritsira ntchito mikangano yamakina, kudula ndi zochita zina kuchotsa dzimbiri pamwamba pazigawo.Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi kupukuta, kugaya, kupukuta, kupukuta mchenga ndi zina zotero.Njira yamankhwala imagwiritsa ntchito asidi kusungunula chitsulo ndi haidrojeni yomwe imapangidwa muzochita zamankhwala kuti ilumikizane ndi kutsitsa gawo la dzimbiri kuti lisungunuke ndikuchotsa dzimbiri pazitsulo.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.Njira ya electrochemical acid etching njira makamaka imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a zigawo za electrolyte kuti akwaniritse cholinga chochotsa dzimbiri, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zochotsedwa ndi dzimbiri monga anode ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zochotsa dzimbiri monga cathode.
3.2.5 Kuyeretsa ma depositi a kaboni
Kuyika kwa kaboni ndi chisakanizo cha colloids, asphaltenes, mafuta opaka mafuta ndi ma carbon omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha kuyaka kosakwanira kwamafuta ndi mafuta opaka mafuta panthawi yakuyaka komanso kutentha kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, ma depositi ambiri a carbon mu injini amadziunjikira pa mavavu, pistoni, mitu ya silinda, ndi zina zotero. Ma depositi a carbon awa adzakhudza kuzizira kwa mbali zina za injini, kuwononga kutentha kwa kutentha, kumakhudza kuyaka kwake, ndi ngakhale kupangitsa kuti ziwalozo zitenthedwe kwambiri ndikupanga ming'alu.Choncho, panthawi yokonzanso gawoli, mpweya wa carbon pamwamba uyenera kuchotsedwa bwino.Kuphatikizika kwa ma depositi a kaboni kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe ka injini, komwe kuli magawo, mitundu yamafuta ndi mafuta opaka mafuta, malo ogwirira ntchito ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito.Njira zamakina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, njira zamakina ndi njira za electrolytic zimatha kuchotsa ma depositi a kaboni.Njira yamakina imatanthawuza kugwiritsa ntchito maburashi a waya ndi ma scrapers kuti achotse ma depositi a kaboni.Njirayi ndi yophweka, koma mphamvu yake ndi yochepa, sizovuta kuyeretsa, ndipo idzawononga pamwamba.Kuchotsa ma depositi a kaboni pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoponderezedwa ya air jet nyukiliya ya nyukiliya kumatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito.Njira yamankhwala imatanthawuza kumiza zigawozo mu caustic soda, sodium carbonate ndi njira zina zoyeretsera pa kutentha kwa 80 ~ 95 ° C kuti asungunuke kapena kusungunula mafuta ndi kufewetsa ma depositi a kaboni, ndiye gwiritsani ntchito burashi kuti muchotse ma depositi a kaboni ndikuyeretsa. iwo.The electrochemical njira amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamchere monga electrolyte, ndi workpiece chikugwirizana ndi cathode kuchotsa mpweya madipoziti pansi olowa amavula kanthu za mankhwala anachita ndi haidrojeni.Njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza, koma m'pofunika kudziŵa bwino tsatanetsatane wa carbon deposition.
4 Mapeto
1) Kuyeretsa kukonzanso ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonzanso, komwe kumakhudza mwachindunji mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zapangidwanso komanso mtengo wokonzanso, ndipo ziyenera kuperekedwa chisamaliro chokwanira.
2) Tekinoloje yoyeretsa yopangira zinthu zatsopano idzayamba kutsata kuyeretsa, kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndipo njira yoyeretsera zosungunulira zamadzimadzi idzayamba pang'onopang'ono potsata njira yotsuka ndi madzi kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
3) Kuyeretsa pakukonzanso kumatha kugawidwa kukhala kuyeretsa musanagwetse ndikutsuka pambuyo pakutha, chomalizacho kuphatikiza kuyeretsa mafuta, dzimbiri, sikelo, ma depositi a kaboni, utoto, ndi zina zambiri.
Kusankha njira yoyenera yoyeretsera ndi zipangizo zoyeretsera kungathe kukwaniritsa kawiri zotsatira ndi theka la khama, komanso kupereka maziko okhazikika a chitukuko cha mafakitale okonzanso.Monga katswiri wopanga zida zoyeretsera, Tense amatha kupereka mayankho ndi ntchito zaukadaulo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-09-2023